地下水宫殿（土耳其语：Yerebatan Sarayı（沉没的宫殿）／Yerebatan Sarnıcı（沉没的水箱））位于伊斯坦堡老城苏丹哈美区，圣索菲亚大教堂的南边。
说起这个地下水宫殿，小米麻糬第一次找它，找了好久才找到它，因为那入口很不起眼小小的，在一普通的房子，有谁会知道藏着有名的古迹嘛......
这是地下水宫殿(Yerebatan Sarayı)出入口，是在一间房子里，是不是很不起眼?
它是由拜占庭查士丁尼大帝，于西元527-565年统治时期所建，作为当时伊斯坦堡市民日常饮用水的来源之一。
水宫殿有336条石柱，每一列以12列排列，长140m、宽70m,高9m，共28行，以支撑着个储水库，储水量高达10万吨，是当年君士坦汀大帝动用了7000名奴隶，费时38年完成的大工程 。
水里面还看得到鱼在游来游去呢。
里面有著名的梅杜莎头的石柱，一共有两个，成为进入地下水宫殿，旅人们最爱寻找的点，也因此排队要合照的人很多，小米麻糬可是等了好久才拍到没有人的这两颗梅杜莎的头啊!
至于，为什么希腊神话的梅杜莎的头，出现在地下水宫殿?
这倒没有说明其来源或特别记载其用意用途，一般学者认为梅杜莎头像被倒ˊ着放在下面，只是因为 大小适合以支持石柱而已。
梅杜莎是谁?
梅杜莎就是希腊神话里，那个只要看到他一眼，就会变成石头的蛇蝎女妖，头发是蛇。
还有一个值得看得，是"泪柱"，外观有着像泪滴漩涡的图案，也可说是像孔雀的羽毛，一个个出现在石柱表面，与一般光滑的石柱相比，很不一样，众多在相同的柱子中很容易被看见，成为大家争相与照相的柱子。
泪柱，并非真的会流下眼泪，而是造型的关系，还有因为地下水宫殿潮湿，柱子摸起来总是湿湿的，以为是柱子会流泪，留下神秘的话题。事实上水宫殿里面的建筑都是来自罗马帝国时期的旧建筑，材质很样化，有大理石、花冈岩，大多是完整的柱身，少部份是由两块拼接而成，其中有这柱有花纹的"泪柱"出现，也不为奇。
官网 http://yerebatan.com/
Video影片观赏 https://youtu.be/TkG4Y9q4rRk
开放时间:每日9:00~17:30(冬日)
9:00~18:30(夏日)
门票: 20TL
官网出处英文版
In the Depths of History
One of the magnificent ancient buildings of İstanbul is the Basilica Cistern located in the southwest of Hagia Sofia. Constructed for Justinianus I, the Byzantium Emperor (527-565), this big underground water reservoir is called as “Yerebatan Cistern” among the public because of the underground marble columns. As there used to be a basilica in the place of the cistern, it is also called Basilica Cistern.
The cistern is 140 m long, and 70 m wide, and covers a rectangular area as a giant structure. Accessible with 52-step staircase, the Cistern shelters 336 columns, each of which is 9 m high. Erected at 4.80 m intervals from one another the columns are composed of 12 rows, each has 28 columns. The case-bay of the cistern is conveyed by the columns through arches. Majority of the columns, most of which is understood to have been compiled from the ancient structures and sculpted of various kinds of marbles, is composed of a single part and one of it is composed of two parts. The head of these columns bear different features in parts. 98 of them reflect the Corinthian style and part of them reflect the Dorian style. The cistern has 4.80 m high brick walls, and the floor is covered by bricks, and plastered by a thick layer of brick dust mortar for water tightness. Covering 9,800 sqm area in total, the cistern has an estimated water storage capacity of 100,000 tons.
Medusa Heads梅杜莎的头
Except couple of the edged and grooved columns of the cistern, majority of them are shaped as a cylinder. Two Medusa heads, which are used as supports under the two columns at the northwest edge of the cistern, are the great work of art from the Roman period. What attracts most attention from the visitors is that the structure from which the Medusa heads have been taken is unknown. The researchers often consider that it has been brought for being used as supports to the column at the time of construction of the cistern. However, this has not prevented myths for the heads of Medusa.
As the legend has it, Medusa is one of the three Gorgonas that are female monsters in the underground world in Greek mythology. The snake-head Medusa, one of the three sisters, has the power of gorgonising the ones that happen to look at her. Accordingly, Gorgone paintings and sculptures were being used for protecting big structures and special venues in that time. And putting the head of medusa in the cistern was for protecting purposes. According to another rumour, Medusa was a girl who boasted for her black eyes, long hair and beautiful body. She loved Perseus, the son of Zeus. Athena was also in love with Perseus and this made Medusa jealous. Therefore, Athena converted medusa's hairs into snakes. Now, everybody that happened to look at Medusa was gorgonised. Afterwards, Perseus headed off medusa and beat many enemies by using her power.
Therefore, the head of Medusa was engraved on the handles of the swords in Byzantium, and applied onto supports of the communes in reverse (so that the onlookers would not be gorgonised). According to another rumour, Medusa gorgonised herself by looking sideways. For this reason, the sculptor that made it generated Medusa in three different positions depending on the reflection angles of the light. The Basilica Cistern has been renovated repeatedly until today. It was repaired by the Architect Kayserili Mehmet Ağa during the reign of Ahmad III (M.1723) in the Ottoman Empire, followed by Sultan Abdulhamid II (1876-1909) in the 19th century. There are 8 columns in front of the northeast wall towards the middle of the cistern, and they were exposed to the risk of breaking during the construction works in 1955-1960, thus each of them were surrounded by a thick layer of cement, so they lost their previous feature though.
During the rule of Byzantium, the Basilica Cistern used to meet the water needs and requirements of the great palace that covered a wide area where the emperor resided, as well as the other denizens in the region. After conquest of the city of Istanbul in 1453, it was used for a little while and water was supplied to Topkapı Palace where the sultans resided.. However, the Ottomans preferred running water over still water, and established their own water facilities in the city. It is understood that the cistern was not used thereafter and the western world did not notice it until the mid XVI century. It was in 1544-1550 when P. Gyllius, a Dutch traveller that came to Istanbul for making researches on Byzantium ruins was rediscovered and introduced to the western world. In one of his researches, P. Gyllius, while roaming around Hagia Sofia, managed to enter inside the cistern with a torch carrying in his hand by proceeding from the stone steps that went towards the underground from the backyard of a wooden building surrounded by walls situated on a large underground cistern as he was told that the householders there pulled water with buckets down inside the large round holes similar to well on the ground floor of their houses, and even fished there. P. Gyllius ranged around the cistern on a rowing boat under harsh conditions, measured it and identified the columns. The information acquired from his experience was published in the travel book, and Gyllius had influence on many travelers.
The cistern was subject to repeated renovations since its establishment. Renovated twice during the reign of the Ottoman Empire, the cistern was repaired during the rule of Ahmed III (1723) by the Architect Kayserili Mehmet Ağa for the first time. And the second repair was made during the rule of Sultan Abdulhamid II (1876-1909). In republican period, the cistern was cleaned by Istanbul Municipality in 1987, and was opened to visits for creating a route. Another extensive cleaning was made in May 1994.
This mysterious venue is an integral part of the Istanbul itineraries and has been visited -among others- by the US former President Bill Clinton, Wim Kok the Prime Minister of the Netherlands, Lamberto Dini, Former Minister of foreign Affairs of Italy, Göran Persson, Former Prime Minister of Sweden and Thomas Klestil, Former prime Minister of Austria until today.
Currently operated by Kültür A.Ş. (Culture Co.), one of the affiliates of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, the Basilica Cistern functions as a museum and is the home for many national and international events